📚Technical AMM Documentation
Overview
Blackhole is a ve(3,3) DEX built on Avalanche, forking from Thena V2 and incorporating multiple AMM types:
Basic Pools: Uniswap V2-style constant product pools
Concentrated Pools: Algebra DEX-based range AMM
Blackhole uses a vote-escrow model with $BLACK and $veBLACK to align liquidity incentives and long-term governance, with auto-voting capabilities.
Brand Assets: https://docs.blackhole.xyz/brand-assets
Pool Types
Basic Pools
Basic Volatile Pools
AMM Model: Constant product formula x * y = k
Use Case: Token pairs with high volatility and uncorrelated prices
Basic Stable Pools
AMM Model: Stable-swap invariant (inspired by Curve) x³y + y³x ≥ k
Formula: Custom implementation that flattens the price curve around 1:1 to reduce slippage on similarly priced tokens
Use Case: Pairs like USDC/USDT, stablecoins, and synthetics
Common Features:
Fee Structure: Flat LP fee, configurable by pool (e.g., 0.2% default)
Routing Logic: Integrated with Blackhole router to handle swaps across both pool types
Key Highlights:
Volatile pools for broader DeFi assets
Stable pools for low-slippage stablecoin swaps
Low gas cost and composable architecture
TWAP oracles and on-chain price feeds
Concentrated Pools (Algebra Integral’s modular architecture)
AMM Model: Customizable tick-based range liquidity AMM
Fee Structure: Static fee model
Key Features:
Efficient capital use with narrow-range liquidity
AMM Architecture
Router Layer
Unified router handles route discovery and execution
Multi-hop support across Algebra and Uniswap V2 pools
Implements price impact protection, slippage checks, and gas optimizations
Pool Creation
Creating a new pool requires specific permissions; it is not a permissionless process. If you wish to have a particular pool created, please contact us via discord to initiate the request.
Liquidity Positions
Basic Pools
Staked: Earn protocol emissions, and fees contribute to the pool's gauge.
Unstaked: Earn the generated fees.
Concentrated Pools
Staked: Receive protocol emissions for positions within the active liquidity range. Fees contribute to the pool's gauge.
Unstaked: Receive neither fees nor emissions. Fees contribute to the pool’s gauge.
Modularity
Bridges planned for multichain liquidity sync (e.g., Ethereum, Base)
Governance contracts modularized for upgrades
ve(3,3) Architecture
Voting & Incentives
Uses ve(3,3) mechanism (vote-escrowed $BLACK)
Weekly epochs where veNFT holders vote on pools to receive emissions
Epoch flips on Thursday at 00:00 UTC every week
First Epoch Flip 07/17/2025
Auto-vote module to maximize voting APR via delegation
Emissions
Emissions to pools are based on vote weights
Technical Details
Derive Pool addresses
Basic Pool:
bytes32 salt = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(token0, token1, stable)); // notice salt includes stable as well, 3 parameters
pair = address(new Pair{salt: salt}(factory, token0, token1, stable));
Concentrated Pool:
function computePoolAddress(address token0, address token1) public view override returns (address pool) {
pool = address(uint160(uint256(keccak256(abi.encodePacked(hex'ff', poolDeployer, keccak256(abi.encode(token0, token1)), POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH)))));
}
bytes32 public constant POOL_INIT_CODE_HASH = 0xeaa3eea3233916c82fe1281a51bd9cde844b7c4673c0714ca0028a57f5634752;
customPoolDeployer
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_1
0xDcFccf2e8c4EfBba9127B80eAc76c5A122125d29
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_50
0x58b05074D52D1a84D8FfDAddA3c1b652e8C56994
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_100
0xf9221dE143A0E57c324bF2a0f281e605e845D767
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_200
0x5D433A94A4a2aA8f9AA34D8D15692Dc2E9960584
Sampling
Basic Pool
There is a function in PairContract called getAmountOut
It takes Amount in and token in and returns the price for the second token
Concentrated Pool
Contract: QuoterV2
Function: quoteExactInputSingle
Takes below input:
address tokenIn;
address tokenOut;
address deployer;
uint256 amountIn;
uint160 limitSqrtPrice;
deployer will be different for different tick_spacing(mentioned above)
limitSqrtPrice: The price limit of the pool that cannot be exceeded by the swap
Settling
Non native tokens
Contract: RouterV2
Function: swapExactTokensForTokens
Params:
uint amountIn,
uint amountOutMin,
IRouter.route[] calldata routes,
address to,
uint deadline
Router:
address pair;
address from;
address to;
bool stable;
bool concentrated;
address receiver;
Native Tokens
Contract: RouterV2
Function: swapExactETHForTokens
Params:
uint amountOutMin, IRouter.route[] calldata routes, address to, uint deadline
Router
address pair;
address from;
address to;
bool stable;
bool concentrated;
address receiver;
FOT Tokens
Contract: RouterV2
Function: swapExactTokensForTokensSupportingFeeOnTransferTokens
Params:
uint amountIn,
uint amountOutMin,
IRouter.route[] calldata routes,
address to,
uint deadline
Router
address pair;
address from;
address to;
bool stable;
bool concentrated;
address receiver;
Gauge addresses for a pool
The GaugeManager contract includes a function called gauges that returns the corresponding gauge address when provided with a pool address.
GaugeManager Address: 0x59aa177312Ff6Bdf39C8Af6F46dAe217bf76CBf6
Stake NFT for emissions
You can deposit the NFT by calling the deposit function with the tokenid on the gauge contract associated with the respective pool.
Mainnet Contract Addresses
Core Contracts
Contract Name
Address
BLACK
0xcd94a87696FAC69Edae3a70fE5725307Ae1c43f6
RouterV2
0xe946A9f39312E2346BA79DAb865B0e9A74f2F981
VoterV3
0xE30D0C8532721551a51a9FeC7FB233759964d9e3
VotingEscrow
0xEac562811cc6abDbB2c9EE88719eCA4eE79Ad763
GaugeManager
0x59aa177312Ff6Bdf39C8Af6F46dAe217bf76CBf6
GaugeFactory
0x9E95eF7D8b87708641923C48C4eB298ED7CA6552
GaugeFactoryCL
0x6B6a3D5A1c536aCE1D761685aF241b2cb7a6eA5E
GaugeOwner
0xDD35894a790ee9625c3aAD49E8bd14e135F3F946
PairFactory
0xfE926062Fb99CA5653080d6C14fE945Ad68c265C
PairGenerator
0x34098b39Ec2E2C1A8F815bb8fA840D0D389afE1c
BlackClaim
0x91B8C8c51A11a7033C34257C3768035EfF4F7736
AutoVotingEscrowManager
0x3755DF8a937e9505aF7B14D8b13E83f133Ed11c3
SetterTopNPoolsStrategy
0x5B0f5Acde0a779856D6885A67253529C235929e6
setterVoteWeightStrategy
0x4cD13301C1B0555272Be010BfBE8901a55E520f2
GenesisPoolManager
0x0EB1e103116b8Ec5f13a72F6943440340c4840dd
GenesisPoolFactory
0xdeB50ac7A0a03332626B3c45EB20e7310653260F
AuctionFactory
0x553901e346fCaDeBFd15ADffd2bA3c58AC6F9988
FixedAuction
0x9d45E1acf9F164be11eeaE206B459DD575EE0bB0
BribeFactory
0xfE842861b9F79Bb77CCb6043731D433D63B365dF
GenesisPoolApi
0x8ba179fbbc41d36573097a6cc9924DB7c3978fdC
MinterUpgrdeable
0xAcc34Ad51457930989fB5050C2Dce6339F06479B
PermissionRegistry
0x751B7152AA11E39216cd00c0F65311Efdf1A65ff
RewardDistributor
0x7c7BD86BaF240dB3DbCc3f7a22B35c5bAa83bA28
TokenApi
0x58318fD6aDb8cAea00727eE4F579d48e6c9631d1
TokenHandler
0xD6b6618cbddfc8F33cC6Ad44FB6557fa900049B7
VeArtProxy
0xcA756Ef397b8F039d04b4ff967F43417B723aFdE
VeNFTApi
0xb3629c89ed9cB172A3FBa66dfdF8C06A85B35dE9
VotingBalanceLogic
0x6CaB6577257523e1D609dE76104764F042F993d2
VoterFactory
0x109309E885Ee9023bD22E4f45a347640bb2a82Aa
RouterHelper
0x1112F67a7098d80c35fCD139FA951496749dFEC3
BlackholePairApiV2
0xFf39C52b6649aF0f73c8D3088344436a5E3B2fB6
PairBootStrapper
0xA053Ca9c51524D67e5E435C62031AD2031e09a22
VotingEscrowSplitHelper
0xA053Ca9c51524D67e5E435C62031AD2031e09a22
veNFTAPI
0xb3629c89ed9cB172A3FBa66dfdF8C06A85B35dE9
bridgefeewrapper
0x8C2207C82B54d37b0D3cEB80A50A3392AeB8888B
clrebalancer
0x0541B43200ce35D78B97e3aB5351C054289BBE27
routerhelperzap
0xE168Fcd8f27c22E1C5E9C7Aa6Cf78aFED82F06C6
routerhelper
0x53D569BC4B37ADbBDB6ab447D92ADf42514AE480
routerhelperimpl
0xb888979122365ceE81d274e4bb6C970CE42af336
routerhelperproxyadmin
0x42A53F5460F126CCcaF57D1b79155c65d229F82B
Algebra Contract
Contracts
Address
AlgebraPool
0xA02Ec3Ba8d17887567672b2CDCAF525534636Ea0
poolDeployer
0x9B2441037E286d5Bf9456a3BE7b5273fe28DbA1e
factory
0x512eb749541B7cf294be882D636218c84a5e9E5F
vaultFactory
0xdC0b5db6f5f957AD0aC5e0Af8A2C084077D079B3
BasePluginV1Factory
0x038CBa84D1CDf5B0820fC6a1FAE93f42240268bb
AlgebraFarmingProxyPluginFactory
0x27ae8c52A41EC52A4150BA6321007eC41702c0F0
wrapped
0xb31f66aa3c1e785363f0875a1b74e27b85fd66c7
entryPoint
0x580be59A0461eaE3414352c0AbD88e485a294bFc
tickLens
0xE66aAe9CB5aB27eC6662C0EC9B9b28764D4a822E
quoter
0x7A88C46740fDFE446DD6Ad97cc0A94716848D214
quoterV2
0x3e182bcf14Be6142b9217847ec1112e3c39Eb689
swapRouter
0xaBfc48e8BED7b26762745f3139555F320119709d
nftDescriptor
0xe98aec7FE3648C104fac23a350926c17951cf0be
proxy
0x18Bf868878fc0722A7400dE93DCb791aba7D001f
admin
0xAFD356BC0dB2B5A0Dc879a2424eF384c0f266Fe9
nonfungiblePositionManager
0x3fED017EC0f5517Cdf2E8a9a4156c64d74252146
mcall
0x9dF9457D5C55B4C880Dc86C67AE323B00B5be48E
eternal
0x01A8A00A6fC8106B94f84aAbAef689Fd0D77271A
fc
0xa47Ad2C95FaE476a73b85A355A5855aDb4b3A449
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_1
0xDcFccf2e8c4EfBba9127B80eAc76c5A122125d29
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_50
0x58b05074D52D1a84D8FfDAddA3c1b652e8C56994
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_100
0xf9221dE143A0E57c324bF2a0f281e605e845D767
customPoolDeployer tickSpacing_200
0x5D433A94A4a2aA8f9AA34D8D15692Dc2E9960584
Production Graph API
Testnet Contract Addresses
Core Contract
Contract Name
Address
blackholePairAPIV2
0xF2E811481576D525f7E7916029e8741bf2DF9F76
routerHelper
0xb71f886441789eAb6BDCE9574C77B21563C86DC8
algebraPoolAPIStorage
0xf741Dc56cd29Bd808F5596d10861728cf25b1236
autoVotingEscrowManager
0xb8124eA2dc3969ad7105658187DC30cb2d20c485
votingEscrow
0x4854B431d864A7A9bEeD0033A1ec26c3Dc792F06
setterVoteWeightStrategy
0x56c56173943EF5bd1D8246A5263A9C3BD4465121
pairFactory
0x61bc896fDddF9822a8683e0c90b325De767b853D
minterUpgradeable
0xf08A6071Db572A60471658c627C331b5e49fdd62
genesisPoolFactory
0x5871990026C1252970cf15A9ae835a856cC86C6A
black
0xa981371A120b0e1BBDcD0abaB1ed509c1084fe5F
votingBalancingLogic
0x85CeCD63282dab6Db9e3efDAb7927374C79F6209
gaugeFactory
0x7Bd71E0Eb9bebdC0370ed5d467d7889486F3Ee74
fixedAuction
0x9eB9e1183e54F87e3Bb68f51A98e3E6fe9695b87
epochController
0x6C1cfbeF04695B6b7060C9FaA46ae285AD0d1bBc
auctionFactory
0x9aA1cc3d50090d84004a9Dc1936c645580d3Df04
algebraPoolAPI
0x515FeBb88788Cb87927BecedaEA9081dEDC22a57
setterTopNPoolsStrategy
0x5Add3E69e26742537f5c94b1e7bFECB6F1D28c10
routerV2
0x1B6814F3227a246F62bC47b148b3d288Dbc85715
veArtProxyUpgradeable
0x0E96f40160FaC2F913C7E271532AF9FBb7C4DE8D
voterV3
0xf5b3c13d2CAB18f5E928c2631BD4ef37c26b445D
genesisPoolAPI
0x459753FB4E87318Ac889D4AefbF7D348776D1B4B
votingBalanceLogic
0x0bb50f3DD11Ab76FB0f3cD0b0E191B775Ca4a493
genesisPoolManager
0x6FE1B637fE761aA37C42a72930576bae5c0b3E6B
tokenHandler
0x1a0D35a3435dE64c99D1C7C21E873600Cb2748D9
gaugeFactoryCL
0xa36BEBffc32aa95b00e648A1d5070dCc0a38F56A
veNFTAPI
0xe6cf5e0d066ff0bE8F829f0a926BAc61dcc480F2
rewardsDistributor
0xd40C4c763e66782878e1b215f233464Ab6A11327
permissionsRegistry
0x845aCc1429B4ac566D285D0d0A0950bb8e4249Bb
gaugeManager
0x1e34fc4F04bE8D5878b2fe91C55532c8b70623ec
wAVAX
0xb3B3CbEd8243682845C2ff23Ea1FD48e6144E34F
blackClaims
0xE196b6ea5d8b295aE2473a4dd7DC16BC0b577fb6
pairGenerator
0x4d5a04826845FfeB8Cbe9c72C6b376cCFDf1D47B
bribeFactoryV3
0x3f398214d02578beE4DB858827B66CBCd7B8274B
avm
0x9809f2b120Ab3633C27C53353E8f299a5b27AB51
voterFactoryLib
0x5abF38c8D7dB7436de9D03bDF90A45249b95916A
tokenAPI
0x8462941A7E2A1770F13627b8E4eadc35452d50C0
blackGovernor
0x879CB8bf552eE95E2225806EA03C8D98c60426ED
Algebra Contracts
Component
Address
poolDeployer
0xd9708e4870Ce20EF85120855b93A01fC8788878C
factory
0xDC41bA754Fd6E524dD7B195B557434760F4952a7
vaultFactory
0x76f65Faa67346B9B3CE85fC219768e13564b76c2
BasePluginV1Factory
0x2b40319599249B6890E425FbB0d71900Ce81883A
wrapped
0xb3B3CbEd8243682845C2ff23Ea1FD48e6144E34F
entryPoint
0x0aD81A4D8A4dAA069Ed28e5417ACC1d052F11d0a
tickLens
0xBf404A0489994D01c7F5981f9CFDA77862BDF712
quoter
0x69318533C3b3Db701663EcC90Dc0E586E28fc594
quoterV2
0x74Ff66609d9b2237A86241B2CF453fE4D5728F11
swapRouter
0xfcB1d07D8E0BfcccD6Ad7cD74F384f72f0BB2ada
nftDescriptor
0x7724b07226D2Be3E6861BbCee045683036bAeE63
proxy
0xB4236F81D099a80b55Cd0d748a1b507a4Ed68605
admin
0x1ca7502b80a6663e35ec5C5a86a068Fc34115D32
nonfungiblePositionManager
0xf7e9491B88FF32C1f8C00c18392b13157DF2B4b9
mcall
0xB4eE4e1dD46144355724a9741577027d647a0fB7
eternal
0x45e56eB20Cb58DCCB74056867daDb9ACa65E4463
fc
0xBadE44EAFCa469c868A0b67f5e540b2b8BE50738
AlgebraBasePluginV1
0xf0CE7495c9f3C50CD79Bc6ad3151542bcA9D2Df5
AlgebraFarmingProxyPluginFactory
0x9763d20CEeF26B7db6C48E3b5A4B00f948C59600
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